克鲁格曼对中国的愤怒

本主题由 张书记 于 2009-11-5 18:19 移动 废种豆豉

死胎 @vanlulnav http://www.bullock.cn/blogs/vanlulnav/

1楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 13:51 只看该作者

克鲁格曼对中国的愤怒

http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/2 … r=1&ref=opinion

The Chinese Disconnect

By PAUL KRUGMAN

Published: October 22, 2009

Senior monetary officials usually talk in code. So when Ben Bernanke, the

Federal Reserve chairman, spoke recently about Asia, international imbalances

and the financial crisis, he didn’t specifically criticize China’s outrageous

currency policy.

But he didn’t have to: everyone got the subtext. China’s bad behavior is

posing a growing threat to the rest of the world economy. The only question

now is what the world — and, in particular, the United States — will do about

it.

Some background: The value of China’s currency, unlike, say, the value of the

British pound, isn’t determined by supply and demand. Instead, Chinese

authorities enforced that target by buying or selling their currency in the

foreign exchange market — a policy made possible by restrictions on the

ability of private investors to move their money either into or out of the

country.

There’s nothing necessarily wrong with such a policy, especially in a still

poor country whose financial system might all too easily be destabilized by

volatile flows of hot money. In fact, the system served China well during the

Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. The crucial question, however, is

whether the target value of the yuan is reasonable.

Until around 2001, you could argue that it was: China’s overall trade position

wasn’t too far out of balance. From then onward, however, the policy of

keeping the yuan-dollar rate fixed came to look increasingly bizarre. First of

all, the dollar slid in value, especially against the euro, so that by keeping

the yuan/dollar rate fixed, Chinese officials were, in effect, devaluing their

currency against everyone else’s. Meanwhile, productivity in China’s export

industries soared; combined with the de facto devaluation, this made Chinese

goods extremely cheap on world markets.

The result was a huge Chinese trade surplus. If supply and demand had been

allowed to prevail, the value of China’s currency would have risen sharply.

But Chinese authorities didn’t let it rise. They kept it down by selling vast

quantities of the currency, acquiring in return an enormous hoard of foreign

assets, mostly in dollars, currently worth about $2.1 trillion.

Many economists, myself included, believe that China’s asset-buying spree

helped inflate the housing bubble, setting the stage for the global financial

crisis. But China’s insistence on keeping the yuan/dollar rate fixed, even

when the dollar declines, may be doing even more harm now.

Although there has been a lot of doomsaying about the falling dollar, that

decline is actually both natural and desirable. America needs a weaker dollar

to help reduce its trade deficit, and it’s getting that weaker dollar as

nervous investors, who flocked into the presumed safety of U.S. debt at the

peak of the crisis, have started putting their money to work elsewhere.

But China has been keeping its currency pegged to the dollar — which means

that a country with a huge trade surplus and a rapidly recovering economy, a

country whose currency should be rising in value, is in effect engineering a

large devaluation instead.

And that’s a particularly bad thing to do at a time when the world economy

remains deeply depressed due to inadequate overall demand. By pursuing a weak-

currency policy, China is siphoning some of that inadequate demand away from

other nations, which is hurting growth almost everywhere. The biggest victims,

by the way, are probably workers in other poor countries. In normal times, I’d

be among the first to reject claims that China is stealing other peoples’

jobs, but right now it’s the simple truth.

So what are we going to do?

U.S. officials have been extremely cautious about confronting the China

problem, to such an extent that last week the Treasury Department, while

expressing “concerns,” certified in a required report to Congress that China

is not — repeat not — manipulating its currency. They’re kidding, right?

The thing is, right now this caution makes little sense. Suppose the Chinese

were to do what Wall Street and Washington seem to fear and start selling some

of their dollar hoard. Under current conditions, this would actually help the

U.S. economy by making our exports more competitive.

In fact, some countries, most notably Switzerland, have been trying to support

their economies by selling their own currencies on the foreign exchange

market. The United States, mainly for diplomatic reasons, can’t do this; but

if the Chinese decide to do it on our behalf, we should send them a thank-you

note.

The point is that with the world economy still in a precarious state, beggar-

thy-neighbor policies by major players can’t be tolerated. Something must be

done about China’s currency.

厚道的中文版如次——

http://www.yeeyan.com/articles/view/80645/65369 译言中文翻译 版权问题 不转载尿 留意评论

[ 本帖最后由 废种豆豉 于 2009-11-2 16:20 编辑 ]


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bioada11

2楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 15:19 只看该作者

高估了这里掌握英语的人数啊

Guru

3楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 15:36 只看该作者

那小翻译一下,说中国没有直接贬值,但是通过在各种情况下盯住美元导致实际贬值。现在市场恢复期,市场的需求很重要,但是中国全抢了,抢了其他所有国家劳动力的饭碗。美国以及华尔街虽然害怕中国抛售美元,但是这其实是现阶段最好的方法(抛售后人民币升职,导致世界人民有饭吃),由于政治原因,美国没有办法自己抛售。

替作者总结: 中国是个瘤子 period

bafield

日人民报特约评论员

4楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 15:45 只看该作者

LZ不厚道,你倒是翻译了给我们看呀

胺氰聚三郎

怪组员

5楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 16:13 只看该作者

好像FT中文网曾经报道过

他还说

中国向美国出口有毒产品

美国向中国出口有毒债券

扯平

废种豆豉

死胎 @vanlulnav http://www.bullock.cn/blogs/vanlulnav/

6楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 16:22 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 胺氰聚三郎 于 2009-11-2 16:13 发表

好像FT中文网曾经报道过

他还说

中国向美国出口有毒产品

美国向中国出口有毒债券

扯平

扯的好!……………平

nustbobo

不明真相的群众,目睹俯卧撑、躲猫猫、撞墙死、临时工等一系列怪

7楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 17:58 只看该作者

翻译的不是很准确,凑合着看吧

The Chinese Disconnect

By PAUL KRUGMAN

Published: October 22, 2009

Senior monetary officials usually talk in code. So when Ben Bernanke, the

Federal Reserve chairman, spoke recently about Asia, international imbalances

and the financial crisis, he didn’t specifically criticize China’s outrageous

currency policy.

金融高官们说话从来都是云山雾罩,所以当美联储主席伯南克说起亚洲、国际间的不平衡和金融危机的时候他并没有明确的批评中国的无耻的货币政策。

But he didn’t have to: everyone got the subtext. China’s bad behavior is

posing a growing threat to the rest of the world economy. The only question

now is what the world — and, in particular, the United States — will do about

it.

他不用挑明了说大家也都知道他的潜台词。中国的恶劣行为已经对世界的其他经济体构成了越来越多的威胁。现在唯一的问题是世界,特别是美国,如果来应对中国的这种情况。

Some background: The value of China’s currency, unlike, say, the value of the

British pound, isn’t determined by supply and demand. Instead, Chinese

authorities enforced that target by buying or selling their currency in the

foreign exchange market — a policy made possible by restrictions on the

ability of private investors to move their money either into or out of the

country.

一些背景知识:中国货币的价值并不像是英镑那样取决于供需关系的。相反,中国政府采用在外汇市场上买入或是卖出他们的货币的方式来强行控制人民币的价格—

通过这种办法政府可以控制私人投资者的货币流向。

There’s nothing necessarily wrong with such a policy, especially in a still

poor country whose financial system might all too easily be destabilized by

volatile flows of hot money. In fact, the system served China well during the

Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s. The crucial question, however, is

whether the target value of the yuan is reasonable.

当一个穷国特别是他的金融体系还经不起热钱的冲击的时候采取这种政策是无可厚非的。其实在1990年代亚洲金融危机期间这种政策对中国起到了相当好的作用。不管怎么样,最重要的问题是人民币目标值是否合理。

Until around 2001, you could argue that it was: China’s overall trade position

wasn’t too far out of balance. From then onward, however, the policy of

keeping the yuan-dollar rate fixed came to look increasingly bizarre. First of

all, the dollar slid in value, especially against the euro, so that by keeping

the yuan/dollar rate fixed, Chinese officials were, in effect, devaluing their

currency against everyone else’s. Meanwhile, productivity in China’s export

industries soared; combined with the de facto devaluation, this made Chinese

goods extremely cheap on world markets.

直到2001年,你还可以说中国的整体贸易水平并没有太多的失衡。但是从那以后,人民币与美元汇率保持固定的政策看起来就越来越怪异了。首先,美元在贬值,特别是对欧元,这种情况下保持人民币和美元的固定汇率实际上是让人民币相对所有的其他货币都在贬值。同时,与事实上的货币贬值相结合,中国的工业出口猛增,这让中国的商品在国际市场上特别便宜。

The result was a huge Chinese trade surplus. If supply and demand had been

allowed to prevail, the value of China’s currency would have risen sharply.

But Chinese authorities didn’t let it rise. They kept it down by selling vast

quantities of the currency, acquiring in return an enormous hoard of foreign

assets, mostly in dollars, currently worth about $2.1 trillion.

结果造成了中国巨大的贸易顺差。如果允许人民币价值由市场供需决定,那么人民币的价格会猛增。但是中国政府却没有让人民币升值,他们持续的抛售人民币,换回了数额巨大的外国资产,大部分是美元,现在这些资产的价值大约是2.1万亿美元.

Many economists, myself included, believe that China’s asset-buying spree

helped inflate the housing bubble, setting the stage for the global financial

crisis. But China’s insistence on keeping the yuan/dollar rate fixed, even

when the dollar declines, may be doing even more harm now.

许多经济学家包括我在内都相信中国无节制的资产购买造成了房地产泡沫,为全球金融危机创造了条件。但是即使在美元贬值的情况下中国依然坚持人民币对美元的固定汇率,这可能会造成更大的危害。

Although there has been a lot of doomsaying about the falling dollar, that

decline is actually both natural and desirable. America needs a weaker dollar

to help reduce its trade deficit, and it’s getting that weaker dollar as

nervous investors, who flocked into the presumed safety of U.S. debt at the

peak of the crisis, have started putting their money to work elsewhere.

尽管对于美元末日论有很多的说法,但是美元的贬值实际上是自然而然的并且是可取的。美国需要一个弱势的美元来减少他的贸易赤字,(这一段不会翻译)

But China has been keeping its currency pegged to the dollar — which means

that a country with a huge trade surplus and a rapidly recovering economy, a

country whose currency should be rising in value, is in effect engineering a

large devaluation instead.

但是中国采取钉住美元的货币政策—这意味着一个本应该因为巨大的贸易顺差和快速的经济恢复而升值的货币,现在实际上却是在进行巨大的贬值。

And that’s a particularly bad thing to do at a time when the world economy

remains deeply depressed due to inadequate overall demand. By pursuing a weak-

currency policy, China is siphoning some of that inadequate demand away from

other nations, which is hurting growth almost everywhere. The biggest victims,

by the way, are probably workers in other poor countries. In normal times, I’d

be among the first to reject claims that China is stealing other peoples’

jobs, but right now it’s the simple truth.

在这样一个全球经济因为全面的需求低迷而依然不景气的时候,这更是一件很糟糕的事情。通过继续实行贬值的货币政策,中国正在吸走其他国家的本来就不旺盛的需求,这几乎伤害了所有地方的增长。顺带说一句,最大的受害者可能是其他穷国的工人们。在平时,我会第一个站起来反驳那种说中国偷走了其他国家的人的工作的说法,但是现在,这是个事实。

So what are we going to do?

我们应该如何应对?

U.S. officials have been extremely cautious about confronting the China

problem, to such an extent that last week the Treasury Department, while

expressing “concerns,” certified in a required report to Congress that China

is not — repeat not — manipulating its currency. They’re kidding, right?

美国官员在面对中国问题的时候显得特别的谨慎,以至于在上周财政部一边在表达“忧虑”一边向国会提交了一份报告说中国并没有在操纵货币。他们真是搞笑,不是吗?

The thing is, right now this caution makes little sense. Suppose the Chinese

were to do what Wall Street and Washington seem to fear and start selling some

of their dollar hoard. Under current conditions, this would actually help the

U.S. economy by making our exports more competitive.

问题是现在这种担心是没什么意义的。假设中国做了华尔街和华盛顿担心的事情,开始出售美元资产。在目前的情况下,这实际上是在帮助美国的,使美国的出口更为有竞争力。

In fact, some countries, most notably Switzerland, have been trying to support

their economies by selling their own currencies on the foreign exchange

market. The United States, mainly for diplomatic reasons, can’t do this; but

if the Chinese decide to do it on our behalf, we should send them a thank-you

note.

事实上,一些国家,特别是瑞士,已经开始尝试通过在外汇市场上出售本国货币来支撑他们的经济了。美国政府主要是因为外交原因不能这么做,但是如果中国决定替我们出售美元的话,我们应该谢谢他们才是。

The point is that with the world economy still in a precarious state, beggar-

thy-neighbor policies by major players can’t be tolerated. Something must be

done about China’s currency.

现在的问题是世界经济仍然处于不稳定的状态,主要的经济大国的以邻为壑的做法是不能被容忍的,必须得对中国的货币政策采取措施了。

[ 本帖最后由 nustbobo 于 2009-11-2 18:00 编辑 ]

elzzird

混吃等死的绣花枕头

8楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 18:15 只看该作者

张五常在博客中对此文表示愤怒,誓要写一篇雄文反驳。并预告11月3日贴出。拭目以待

http://www.bullogger.com/blogs/zhangwuchang/archives/346333.aspx

Cena

老蔡。蔡呐,音谐瓷器,与法科。到这里,只图个,无目的消磨。

9楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 18:33 只看该作者

mustbobo,挺不错了。谢谢!

彩虹咖啡馆

10楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 19:18 只看该作者

7楼译的确实不错。

Leonhardt

阿赖耶识研讨会 澳洲支部 现组员 准人参负犬一只兼法广搬运工(无薪,不定时)

11楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 20:21 只看该作者

张五毛不是说以后朝鲜比香港好5倍么,抛点美元过去滋润滋润~

我卖糕的 该用户已被删除

12楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 20:37 只看该作者

个人感觉,张五常是个精神病。

becom

“抢救运动”办公室借调人员、同萌会资深会员

13楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 20:51 只看该作者

克鲁格曼愤怒的是:中国竟然用原始的每个毛孔都滴血的资本主义对抗西方现代的人道的人权环保的资本主义。

vahine

我很想就你的粗俗说些俏皮话,但那不在你的理解范围。

14楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 21:59 只看该作者

这小子获奖时,华尔街的意见是最好颁文学奖给他。

没什么新意,这么说的财经专栏作家多了去了,根本没人尿他。

拿那个奖也就在中国能唬人,一帮傻逼还真把他当意见领袖了。

胺氰聚三郎

怪组员

15楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 23:07 只看该作者

克鲁格曼说话是越来越刻薄了

图穷匕见啊

阿鲁卡少爷

外表温顺谦恭内心淫荡闷骚非正常物种研究中心常驻研究猿

16楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-2 23:55 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 vahine 于 2009-11-2 21:59 发表

这小子获奖时,华尔街的意见是最好颁文学奖给他。

没什么新意,这么说的财经专栏作家多了去了,根本没人尿他。

拿那个奖也就在中国能唬人,一帮傻逼还真把他当意见领袖了。

获克拉克奖的天才,将规模经济理论运用到国际贸易领域,丰富了理论对现实世界的解释,开拓了空间经济学,常年的专栏致力于影响公共政策,如果您觉得这样的人都不值得尿的话,那这世上就没值得尿的人了

我卖糕的 该用户已被删除

17楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-3 07:12 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 阿鲁卡少爷 于 2009-11-2 23:55 发表

获克拉克奖的天才,将规模经济理论运用到国际贸易领域,丰富了理论对现实世界的解释,开拓了空间经济学,常年的专栏致力于影响公共政策,如果您觉得这样的人都不值得尿的话,那这世上就没值得尿的人了

+1

elzzird

混吃等死的绣花枕头

18楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-3 11:35 只看该作者

无常雄文已出

http://www.bullogger.com/blogs/zhangwuchang/archives/346636.aspx

vahine

我很想就你的粗俗说些俏皮话,但那不在你的理解范围。

19楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-3 13:59 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 阿鲁卡少爷 于 2009-11-2 23:55 发表

获克拉克奖的天才,将规模经济理论运用到国际贸易领域,丰富了理论对现实世界的解释,开拓了空间经济学,常年的专栏致力于影响公共政策,如果您觉得这样的人都不值得尿的话,那这世上就没值得尿的人了

我无意去质疑他在学术上的贡献,但学术理论的能力并不代表实务操作上的能力。如果您用他“准确”预言亚洲金融危机或去年的金融风暴的例子来反驳我就不想再展开了。

这个左翼凯恩斯主义者热衷去影响公共政策一点也不让人感到意外,我只是不喜欢他那种短期实用主义态度,左右摇摆不符合我对知识分子的理解和期待。

当然,您想尿他是您的自由。

花想容

依据用户管理细则,账号永久停用。

20楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-3 14:20 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 vahine 于 2009-11-3 13:59 发表

这个左翼凯恩斯主义者热衷去影响公共政策一点也不让人感到意外,我只是不喜欢他那种短期实用主义态度,左右摇摆不符合我对知识分子的理解和期待。

可以用很多 name calling

来对付左翼知识分子,但克鲁格曼认为研究经济学是为了最大多数美国人的利益而不是华尔街的利益,而且一贯这样认为,不存在你说的左右摇摆的问题。

铸剑为犁

走了

21楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-3 14:55 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 胺氰聚三郎 于 2009-11-2 16:13 发表

好像FT中文网曾经报道过

他还说

中国向美国出口有毒产品

美国向中国出口有毒债券

扯平

中国出口美国的产品含毒也是微量的。

咱们自己用的产品那才是真的毒。

阿鲁卡少爷

外表温顺谦恭内心淫荡闷骚非正常物种研究中心常驻研究猿

22楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-3 17:40 只看该作者

回复 19楼 vahine 的话题

凯恩斯主义政策的核心似乎就是相机抉择吧

vahine

我很想就你的粗俗说些俏皮话,但那不在你的理解范围。

23楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-4 12:11 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 花想容 于 2009-11-3 14:20 发表

可以用很多 name calling

来对付左翼知识分子,但克鲁格曼认为研究经济学是为了最大多数美国人的利益而不是华尔街的利益,而且一贯这样认为,不存在你说的左右摇摆的问题。

新经济地理学中,克鲁格曼所主张的梯度转移,旨在让制造业不断寻求更低的贸易和交易成本,在转移过程中,发展中国家将承受更多的劳工和环境成本(我朝就是最好的例子),这有悖于他一贯对平等问题的关心。。。

如您所说,他是为了最大多数美国人的利益(而不是中国或任一其他国家),在这种情况下,发扬国际主义精神去支持他,似乎很不合时宜。

haphap

宇宙无敌迷倒万千少女挖遍所有墙角传播无尽八卦超级学习男

24楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-4 22:40 只看该作者

回复 23楼 vahine 的话题

全球性的衰退下,总体需求下降,本朝的变相贬值的政策完全是以邻为壑的政策—旨在使需求从他国转移到天朝—是损人利己的行为。

曉_江左第一

性則如袁紹,外宽内忌,獨夫也。

25楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-5 14:19 只看该作者

人民币对其他货币贬值的根本原因是因为人民币钉住了正在持续贬值的美元。只准美元贬值,不准别人不贬值,克鲁格曼也太那个啥了。

花想容

依据用户管理细则,账号永久停用。

26楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-5 14:31 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 vahine 于 2009-11-4 12:11 发表

他是为了最大多数美国人的利益(而不是中国或任一其他国家),在这种情况下,发扬国际主义精神去支持他,似乎很不合时宜。

铅研社、经济男言必称市场,任何情况下都支持华尔街金融寡头,那又是什么主义精神呢?很合时宜?

单手扶墙

活了几十年年,没能为党为人民做点什么,每思及此,心神不宁。

27楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-5 14:51 只看该作者

七楼好人那

vahine

我很想就你的粗俗说些俏皮话,但那不在你的理解范围。

28楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-5 17:20 只看该作者

引用:

原帖由 花想容 于 2009-11-5 14:31 发表

铅研社、经济男言必称市场,任何情况下都支持华尔街金融寡头,那又是什么主义精神呢?很合时宜?

您暗含的假设前提是克鲁格曼反对“华尔街金融寡头”,经济男如我辈是无条件支持华尔街的。这已符合诡辩的要素。

我更愿意就事论事的讨论,经济学上的预言更像是赌博,大部分学者(包括克鲁格曼)都是事后诸葛亮的在现有实践基础上总结出相关理论,谈不上特别高明。

全球性的不平衡不单是中国责任,他扯那些犊子是站着说话不腰疼,我只是觉得没必要当真。

haphap

宇宙无敌迷倒万千少女挖遍所有墙角传播无尽八卦超级学习男

29楼 大 中 小 发表于 2009-11-5 17:26 只看该作者

回复 25楼 曉_江左第一 的话题

美元贬值的原因米国庞大的贸易赤字以及米国的浮动汇率制度。当米国存在贸易赤字时,米国货币当局必须用米元去购买外币来偿还债务,这就提高了米元在外汇市场的供给,浮动的外汇制又使得米元的价格由供求决定,因此米元在一直贬值。

[ 本帖最后由 haphap 于 2009-11-5 17:31 编辑 ]